Kites, Bazas and Osprey

1.Osprey (pandion haliaetus 55-58cm)

This type of birds mainly found in Himalayas and this type of birds are widespread also migrate mainly in winter season. It has long wings, typically angled at carpals and short-tail. It has whitish head with black stripe through eye, white under body, under wing and black carpal patches. It is found in large island water and coastal water.

2. Jerson's (Baza Aviceda jerdons 46cm)
It is mainly found in E.himalayas, hill of India, Bangladesh as well as Sri-Lanka. It has long and erect white tipped crest. It also has long broad wings (pinched in at base) and fairy long tail. Pale rufous head, indistinct gular stripe, rufous barred underparts and underwing coverts and bold barring across primary tips. At rest, closed wings extend well down tail. Juvenile has whitish head and narrower dark barring on tail. It is found in Broadleaved ever green forest.

3. Black Baza (Aviceda leuphotes 33cm)
It is mainly found in Himalayan foot hills, NE and S.India, Bangladesh and Sri-Lanka. It is largely black with long crest and had white breast bund as well as greyish underside to primaries contrasting with black under wing coverts. It is found in Broad leaved ever green forest.

4. Black Shouldered Kite (Elanus caeruleus 31-35cm)
It is widespread resident but it is unrecorded in parts of north west and notheast. It is small in size, it has grey and white with black shoulders. It's flight is buoyant with much hovering. Juvenile has brownish grey upperparts with pale fringes, with less distinct shoulder patch. Grassland with cultivation and open scrub.

5. Red Kite (Milvus milvus 60-66cm)
It is vagrant which found in Nepal and India. It has long and deeply forked rufous-orange tail. It has long wing usually sharply angled. Rufous underparts and under wing coverts whitish head, pale band across upperwing coverts and striking whitish patches at base of primaries on underwing. Recorded in region of Semi-desert.

6. Brahminy Kite (Haliastur indus 48cm)
It is wide spread resident and unrecorded parts of noth west and noth east. It is small in size and kite like flight. It's wings usually angled at carpals. Its tail is rounded. In this type of species, Adult has mainly chestnut with white head, neck and breast. Junvenile mainly brown with pale streaking on head, mantle and breast largely whitish patches at base of primaries and cinnamon-browntail. It is found in land and coastal water.

Short-Toed Snake Eagle, Serpent Eagle and Black Eagle

1. Short-Toed Snake Eagle (circaetus gallicus) 62-67cm
It is resident and mainly found in Pakistan, South Nepal and India. It has long and broad wings, pinched in at base and rather long-tail. It's head is broad and rounded. It soars with wings flat or slightly raised; frequently hovers. It pattern variable, often with dark headed and breast, barred underbody, dark trailing edge to underwing and broad subterminal tail band; can be very pale on underbody and underwing. Mainly found in open dry plains and hill.

2. Crested Serpent Eagle (spilornis cheela) 56-74cm
It is widespread resident. It has broad rounded wings. It soars with wings held forward and in pronounced V. Similarly Adult has broad white bands across wing and tails hooded apperance at rest with yellow cere and lores and white spotting on brown underparts. Juvenile has blackish ear-coverts, yellow cere and lores, whistish head and underparts narrower barring on tail (than Adult) and largely white underwing with fine dark barring and dark trailing edge. S.C davisoni of Andamans and Nicobars is Small with buff underparts and underwing coverts and narrower white banding on wings and tail. It is found in forest and well-wooded country.

3. Small Serpent Eagle (Spilornis minimus; 46-48cm)
This type of birds is resident Nicobars. It is very small in size than other. S.M minimus of central Nicobars has white scaling on black crest, cinnamon-grey underparts with white barring, broad grey central brand across uppertail and broad white central band and some white at base on undertail. Juvenile minimus has buff tips to crown; crest and upperparts and full second pale band across uppertail. S.m Klossi of Great Nicobar has cinnamon scaling in black crest, blackish gular stripe, plain cinnamon underparts and narrow black banding on white undertail. It is found in forest near rivers.

4. Black Eagle (lctinaetus malayensis 69-81cm)
It is resident and found in Himalayas, hill of India, Bangladesh and Sri-Lanka. Distinctive wing shaped and long tail. It flies with wing rasi.

Bird Identifications Characterstics

In the world we can find many species of birds. We can also identify them by lookout their characterstics, either physical or behavioral, colour etc.

1. Identification by size

Size is the most noticeable feature of any life form, and especially birds. A good look at the bird at once helps you place it in a certain bracket. It is important that identification by size is related to certain yardsticks.

It is easy to discribe what we saw, but any description of size can often be subjective and what is big for you may not be so big for some one else, therefore it can be of great help to have something familiar to measure and relate the size of year bird with.

Familiarize yourself with the size of some common birds such as the house sparrow, house crow or the common kite. This way you can confidently say that the bird you saw was smaller than the house sparrow or approxmately the size of a house crow and so on.

2. Identifications by colour

Like size, colour is yet another very obvious feature for identifying birds of same or similar colours do not mecessarily belongs to the same group or family. However, colours is yet another way to short list the bird's identify.

3.Identifications by size

Often it is possible recognise a bird in dim light even against the light, merely by its silhouette appearance. All birds have distinctive shapes. Shape is a combination of physical attributes like posture, build, head, wings, legs and tail. Posture pertains to birds actual carriage, to its stance of "gist" for instance. Some birds swim to fly with their neck curved in a graceful S-shape. Yet other woth their neck stretched up or out front; nocturnal birds such as owls settle erect and across, of perpendicular to a branch, whilst nightjars settle flat and along a branch length.

A bird's build implies wheather a species is slim and shapely or robusf and thick set, long-bodied or shortish. Is the head roundish as in owls or crested as in many bulbuls. The break comes in a vast array of design, either book-tipped as in most birds of prey and shrikes long and dagger-like in kingfisher or short and stout as in seed-eaters.

As the wings pointed like in swifts, longish and broad as in herons or rounded as in warblers? Legs and tail also show variations in size and structure will experience, the shape and form of a bird will help in identifying a bird.

4. Looking for other field-Marks

Since so many species have complicated colour arranged, certain distinctive marking come in very handy. Often these field-marks can help distinguish between species and even between sexes of certain species. These field marks can either further, explicit modificaton of colour and / or in the form of streaks and barring on upper and /or under-bodies, eye stripes, crown stripes, wing bars, tail bands, neck stripes, white or pale rumps, or actual physical modifications, like facial wattles of some peculiar deelopment of certain feathers perhaps in the tail or of the chest.

5. Identification by behaviour

Just like every individual has a personality and temperament, so dies every bird. This is yet another attributes which, with just a bit of observation and experience, begins to assist in bird watching. A wood-pecker can be recognised by its shape and preference for moving on stems and branches, a flycatcher by its habit of making frequent short sallies after winged insects and returning to its perch, a sparrow by its hopping movement whilst larks and pipits by their walk, swifts and swallows by their almost constant flying. But again the swallows can perch on wires and thin branches whilst swift cannot.

6. Flight as an identification clue

Flight is what birds are best known and instantly recognised for. All birds, groups have their distinctive flight which help in ther identification wood-pecker have an undulating flight, while Parakeets fly fast, mostly straight, the Falcon dashes fast and steadily. The Hawks with their roundish wings make a few rapid wings-beats followed by short glide is heron/egret steadily flys with slow wing beats and its head/neck pulled back into its shoulders; whilst cranes and storks fly with the neck sketched out. During ducks, such as pochards trip along and patter along the water surface before taking flight; while the surface-feeders such as pintails and teals directly spring up from the water.

7. Habitat perference and seasons

All birds belongs to a certain habitat and as far as possible most birds perfer to remain in familiar sorroundings. After a few visit you will realise that you see certain birds more or less always in the same area. In a forest you can always exjpect to see different birds in the various layers of tree growth. On the upper leafy branches are purely arboreal birds such as barbets, dronfos, minivets and orioles; the stems and branches are home to the wood-peckers, the upper-middle storeys hold various drongos, bulbuls, babbles, thrushes, the lower bush and scrub have yet other kinds of babblers, bulbuls, warblers and doves.

Free as a bird might seem the fact is that the majority of our feathered friends live in nature seemingly indistinct yet highly organised "cages". It would be pointless to look for a lark in deep forest or woodpeckers in a grass land. How ever there are a variety of micro-habitats inside forest.

8. Calls in field identification.

Just like birds are celebrated for their flight so too are they for their melodious voices most birds have an individuality when it comes to voice. In fact expert bird watchers often rely on their ears as much as their eyes to recognise birds. Birdcalls are not just pleasure they augment your enjoyment of the natural world. Birdcalls are a huge assistancein instantly discovering which bird is present at particular miment in a locality. No matter how well field guides and bird watcher. Friends describe of particular call, ultimately the best jungle will be yourself. Sound difficult but its worth every whistle and scream. "so happy birding".

Birds Watching

Birds are interesting and beautiful creatures that all over the world. There are thousand of people whose hobby is watching them. Some of them form societies and others enjoy watching birds just to see how they live and discover unusual kinds of birds that are seldom seen.
The boservation of live birds in their natural habitat, a popular pastime and a scientific sport that developed almost entirely in the 20th century. In this period we can make many members by giving the important of birds by advertising, by giving program of birds in television and we can easily watch birds without harming them by the help of binoculars . In the 19th century, almost all students of bird used guns and could identify unfamiliar species only which its corpse was in their hands. A great surge of interest in wild birds occurred from about the 1880s on ward.
Bird watching is a hobby that combines the joy of discovery, scientific and curiosity and esthetic appreciation. The sweetness of birds song, the beauty of their forms and coloring, the vivacity of their movements and the buoyancy of their flight attract every people of the world and everyone enjoys birds. Observation by people who habitually watch birds even merely for pleasure, are often of great value to the scientist trying to unravel some particular phase of bird life. Interest in bird books, journals and magazines. They have also contributed to the growth of interest on birds as have the broadcasting media.
One of the great appeals as bird watching is that it is a relatively inexpensive activity. Thus, it is very popular amongst diverse people. It is revolving around the following questions since the 19th century.

-How does the bird live and behave?
-In what way is it influenced itself to its habitat?
-How is it influenced by or is influenced its environment?

It is best to go bird watching alone to avoid frightening the birds. It is best also to wear dull colored clothing and to move very slowly and cautiously. A bird watcher should have binoculars so that he can see the birds clearly without being so close that he might frighten them away.
Many books are available that describes birds often with pictures in coloured tell what the habitat of differents birds are. The bird watcher greatest thrill comes from seeing a bird that rarely occurs in his locality or in the season in which he sees it.

Importance of Bird Watching
There is a tremendous amount to find out about birds; in fact you could watch one kind of bird all your life and still not learn everything about it. For that matter, you could watch one pair of birds all through the nesting seasons, and learn a lot about their habits that no one else has discovered. Oddly enough, some of the commonest birds are those we know least about.
People have found out a lot about how a bird behaves at the nest, when it is sitting on its eggs or brooding its nestling. But we do not know much about what a bird does when it is away from the nest or during a winters day. It is difficult to follow one Particular bird, but it is fairly easy to keep in touch with a flock of birds.
We know that a bird spends a good deal of its time in feeding or searching for food, but we are not so certain about what food is eaten by different kinds of birds. This is problem that most farmers would like to solve. For if there were no birds, then in a few weeks the insects they feed on would have eaten up green things on the Earth. However, there are some birds which eat large quantities of grains or seedlings as well as insects. The questions is, do this birds which eat up for it by also eating plenty of the insects and grubs which harm the farmers crops?
As well as findings out what bird does, a birdwatcher usually wants to know where it lives. When you go away for holidays you may find the birds you know at home living in quite different surroundings. You may discover, for example; that pine forest have a very differeny wild life from broad-leaved woodland.
Wetland birds are always intersting to watch, these include wading birds that are common around wetlands, rivers, ponds, lakes and on sandy shores. They often feed in small groups, picking at weeds around the banks and in the sand. Many different kinds of birds nest in marshes and swamps; they include herons, bitterns, and rails.
Wetlands are good places to lookout for birds during their spring and autumn migration and birds during their spring and autumn migration and bird watching is important sport which has special contribution on eco-tourism because bird attracts tourists from all over the world.

Techniques of bird watching.
1. To watch birds you need a sharp eye and a keen ear. That is all you really need to begin with but you will probably find it also helps to carry a small notebook in your pocket. Then you can make a note with the date of any bird or think which interests you. The notes you make while you are out bird-watching are called field notes. It is also a good idea to keep a larger notebook at home and copy out these field notes properly, so that you have a permanent record

2. Begining of this bird watching is simple. Use a bird identification book and find out the names of your garden birds. Try to discover which are males and which are females and watch how different birds behave.

3. Before long, by using your bird book and if possible with the help of some one who knows alot about birds, you will get to know all the most common birds. Then you will want to find new kinds, or species of birds. To do this you must explore farther a field in woods, on hills, marshes, reservoirs, and the rivers.

4. In the wildness you may find it difficult to get close to the birds you are watching. So if you can you should bring them "closer"to you by looking at them through binoculars.

5. If you use a good pair of 24mm.x 6 or 32mm.x 8 prismatic glasses (these figures measures their power) you will find yourself entering an exciting new world in which the most distant bird is brought close to you. Also, glasses like this will show up every detail of a birds plumage, even in the dim light of a wood or the inside of a bush.

6. To identify a bird a good ear is just as important as a keen eye. This is becaude there are many birds, like some of the warblers, which look so much alike that even an experienced naturalist can only tell them apart by measuring their wings, beak and legs. However, no two species of bird have exactly the same call note or song, and before you can call yourself a really good naturalist, you should be able to distinguish blindfold all the notes and songs of the most common birds. So long as you have fairly good ear and a good memory this is not so difficult as you might think.

7. Many bird watchers setup feeding stations to attract birds. If you do not have a tree with holes in it, you can always add to bird-nesting sites by building or buying a bird box. Make sure that they have different sized holes to attract various species.

8. The list of bird observations compiled by members of local birdwatching societies and other naturalist are very usefull to the new birdwatchers in identification of the birds and to the scientists in determining, dispersal, habitat and migration patterns of the various species of the birds.

Time of bird watching:
Birds are on the move all day long. Their activity is greates in the early mornings. Therefore, early rising is a most important pre-requisite for successful bird watching. Most song the birds are most vocal is also heard during the early morning hours. Discovery the identifyof a songster often entails patient watching and the chances of tracking him down are naturally gratest in the early morning when the birds are most vocal.

ACCIPITERS

1. CRESTED GOSHAWK

Accipiter trivigatus 30-46cm

It is found mainly in Himalayas, NE and SW India and Sri-Lanka. It is larger in size and crest, best distinctions from Besra. It has short and broad wings, pinched in at base. It's wing-tips barely extend beyond tail base at rest. Where male has dark grey crownand paler grey ear-coverts, black submoustachial and gular stripes and rufous brown streaking on breast and barring on belly and flanks. As well as female has browner crown and ear coverts and browner streaking and barring on underparts. Junvenile has rufous or buffish fringes to crown, crest and nape feathers, streaked ear coverts and buff/rufous wash to streaked underparts (barring restricted to lower flanks and thighs). It is found in dense broadleaved tropical and subtropical forest.

2. SHIKRA

Accipiter badius 30-36 cm

This type of bird is found mainly in all the countries except in parts of northwest. In this type adult are paler among Besra as well as Eurasian Sparrowhawk. The under part of its wing is pale, with fine barring on remiges and it has little darker in its wings tips. In this type of birds male birds upperparts is pale blue grey, similar type of grey gular stripe and its underparts is fine brownish orange barring, it is uncovered with white thighs as well as in the feather of central tail feathers was lightly barred. Where female has upperparts more brownish-grey. Juvenile has pale brown upperparts, more prominent gular stripe and streaked underparts; told from Juvenile Besra by paler upperparts. It is found in open woods and groves.

3. NICOBAR SPARROWHAWK

Accipiter butleri 30-34 cm

This type of bird is found in Nicobar island. The male has pale blue grey upperparts, mainly whitish underparts and underwing coverts, indistinct gular stripe and unbarred tail with narrow diffuse terminal band. Where female has slightly browner on upperparts, with marginally stronger barring on breast. Juvenile of nominate race has rufous upperparts, with dark brown feather centres, rufous buff underparts with browner, streaking, and dark banding on rufous cinnamon secondaries and tail. The single juvenile specimen from Great Nicobar has much browner and darker upperparts and may represent an under scribed race. It is live in dense forest as well as built it's nest in tall trees.

4. CHINESE SPARROWHAWK

Accipiter soloensis 25-30 cm

This type of bird is winter visitor and found in Nicobar island. It has narrow and pointed wings, with long primary projection at rest. In this type of bird adult has blue grey head and upperparts, indistinct grey gular stripe and rufous orange breast; distinctive underwing pattern, with unbarred remiges and coverts, blackish wing tips and dark grey trailing edge. Sub-adults show some dark barring on underside of flight feathers. Juvenile has dark brown upperparts, pronouced dark gular stripe and rufous-brown spotting and barring on underparts; compared with juvenile Japanese Sparrowhawk, crown is a darker slate-grey than mantle, lacks distinct supercilium and has distinctive underwing pattern (dark grey wing tips and traling edge, largely unmarked greyish brown to pale rufous coverts). It is mainly found in Forest area and wooded country.

LARGE HORNBILLS

1. GREAT HORNBILL
Buceros bicornis 91-105 cm
This type of birds found in Himalayas, NE India, Bangladesh and Western Ghats. It is huge in size massive yellow casque and bill and it has white tail with black subterminal band. It has white neck, wing-bars and trailing edge to wing which are variably stained with yellow . Both male and female are alike, although female has white iris and lacks black at ends os casque. Mature forest.











2. BROWN HORNBILL
Anorrhinus tickelli 60-75 cm
It is mainly found in NE India. It is medium-sized brown hornbill with stout yellowish bill. The male has white cheeks, throat and upper breast; rest of underparts rufous; in flight, has white tips to tail (except central feathers) and to primaries. Female is uniformly brown on underparts, and lacks white tips to flight feathers and tail. Broadleaved evergreen forest.







3. RUFOUS NECKED HORNBILL
Aceros nipalensis 90-100 cm
This type of birds are found in Himalayas, NE India and Bangladesh. White terminal band to tail and white wing tips. Red pouch. Male and immature have rufous head and neck. Female has black head and neck. Broadleaved evergreen forest.

4. WREATHED HORNBILL
Aceros undulatus 75-85 cm
It is found in E Himalayan foothills, NE India and Bangladesh. White tail and all-black wings. Has bill corrugations (except immature) and bar across pouch. Male has whitish head and neck and yellow pouch. Female has black head and neck with blue pouch. Broadleaved evergreen forest.

5. NAROCONDAM HORNBILL
Aceros naracondami 45-50 cm
It is mainly found in Narcondam L, Andamans. Small size. This type of bird has white tail and all black wings. Bluish white pouch. Male and immature have rufous head and neck. Female has black head and neck. High forest.

6. PLAIN POUCHED HORNBILL
Aceros subruficollis 65-70 cm
It has no exact record of where this birds lives but possibly occur in the north east. Very similar to Wreathed but smaller; as that species has white tail and all black wings. Lacks corrugations on bill, and has plain pouch. Mature forest.

PHEASANTS

1. TIBETAN EARED PHEASANTS Crossoptilon harmani 72 cm

This type of birds is found in Himalayas of NE Arunacahl Pradesh. The colour of the bird is covered with Blue-grey, with white in throat and white nape band. It has red facial skin. It also has long broad and slightly downcurved tail. The sexes of the birds are similar. It is found in high-altitude forest.

2. CHEER PHEASANT

Catreus wallichii M 90-118 cm, F 61-76 cm

This type of bird is found in W himalayas. It has long, broadly barred tail, pronounded crest, and red facial skin. In this type of bird male is more cleanly and strongly marked than female, with pronounced barring on mantle, unmarked neck, and broader barring across tail. Steep, craggy hillsides with scrub, secondary growth.

3. MRS HUME'S PHEASANTS

Syrmaticus humiae M 90 cm, F 60 cm

This type of bird is found in NE India. Where male bird has chestnut and blue-black, with white banding along scapulars and across wings and has strongly barred tail. As well has female has narrow whitish wing-bars, and white tips to tail feathers. In this type of bird both male and female have long graduated tail and red facial skin. This type of bird is found in Steep rocky slopes with forest and scrub.

4. GREY PEACOCK PHEASANT

Polyplectron bicalcaratum M 64 cm, F 48 cm

This type of bird is found in E himalayas and Bangladesh. Where Male has prominent purple and green ocelli, particularly on wing-coverts and tail; tail is long and broad, and has short tufted crest. Female is smaller, with shorter tail and smaller and duller ocelli. It is found in Undergrowth in tropical and subtropical forest.

5. INDIAN PEAFOWL

Pavo cristatus M 180-230 cm, F 90-100 cm

It is found in India, SE Pakistan, Nepal and Bhutan. Male has blue neck and breast, and spectaular glossy green train of elongated uppertail covert feathers with numerous ocelli. Female lacks elongated uppertail coverts; has whitish face and throat and white belly. Primaries of female are brown (chestnut in male), although this is not depicted on plate. Forest undergrowth in wild; villages and cultivation where semiferal.

6. GREEN PEAFOWL

Pavo muticus M 180-300 cm, F 100-110 cm

This is found in NE India and Bangladesh. Male has erect tufted crest, and is mainly green, with long green train of elongated uppertail covert feathers with numerous ocelli. Female lacks long train; otherwise is similar to male, but upperparts are browner. It is found in dense forest.

LAPWINGS

1. NORTHERN LAPWING

vanellus vaanellus 28-31 cm

This is winter visitor type of bird which visits to N subcontinent. It has black crest, white (or buff) and black face pattern, black breast-band, and dark green upperparts. It Has very broad, rounded wings-tips. Shows whitish rump and blackish tail band in flight. Wet grass land, marshes, fallow fields and wetland edges.

2. YELLOW-WATTLED LAPWING

vanellus malarbaricus 26-28 cm

This type of bird is found mainly in India. It has yellow wattles and legs. In it's body we can find white supercilium, dark cap, and brown breast-band. It is found in open dry ground.

3. RIVER LAPWING

Vanellus duvaucelii 29-32 cm

It is found in N subcontinent and also in Pakistan. It has black cap and throat, grey sides to neck and black bill and legs. Black patch on belly. Mainly sandbanks and shigle banks of rivers, also estuaries.

4. GREY-HEADED LAPWING

Vanellus cinereus 34-37 cm

This type of bird is winter visitor where it visit in the places like; Nepal, mainly NE India, and Bangladesh. It has yellow bill with black tip and yellow legs. Grey head, neck and breast, latter with diffuse black border, and black tail-band. Secondaries are white. It is mainly found in the side of River banks, marshes and wet fields.

5.RED WATTLED LAPWING

Vanellus indicus 35-35 cm

This type of bird is mainly found in many countries. It has black cap and breast, red bill with black tip and yellow legs. V.i. atronuchalis, of E India, has black head, neck and breast, with white patch on ear-coverts. Mostly found in open flat ground near water.

6.SOCIABLE LAPWING

Vanellus gregarius 27-30 cm

This type of bird is found mainly mainly in Pakistan and Nepal and NW India. It has Dark cap, with white supercilia which join at nape. Adult breeding has yellow wash to sides of head, and black and maroon patch on belly. Non-breeding and immature have duller head pattern, white belly and streaked breast. It is found in dry fallow fields and scrub desert.

7. WHITE-TAILED LAPWING

Vanellus leucurus 26-29 cm

Breeds in Baluchistan; winters in N subcontinent. Blackish bill, and very long yellow legs. Plain head. Tail all white, lacking black band of other vanellus plovers. Freshwater marshy lake edges.

FALCOMS

1. AMUR FALCONS

Falco amurenis 28-31 cm

This type of bird is spread in many parts of countries and also in Pakistan. In all plumage, has red to pale orange cere, eye-ring, legs and feet. Frequently hovers. In this type of bird we can found male has dark grey, with rufous thighs and under tail-coverts and while under wing-coverts. First year male shows mixture of adult male and juvenile characters. Female has dark grey upperparts, short moustachial stripe, whitish underparts with some dark barring and spotting and orange-buff thighs and undertail-coverts; uppertail barred; underwing white with strong dark barring. Junvenile has rufous buff fringes to upperparts, rufous-buff streaking on crown, and boldly streaked underparts. It is found in open country.

2. SOOTY FALCON

flacon concolor 33-36 cm

It is summer visitor type of bird which is found in Makran coast, Pakistan. It is slim with very long wings and tail (latter wedge-shaped at tip). Adult entirely pale grey with blackish flight feathers; Older male can be almost black. Juvenile has narrow buff fringes to upperparts, and yellowish-brown underparts and underwing- voverts which are diffusely streaked. It is found in rocky areas and desert

3. MERLIN

falco columbarius -25-30 cm

It is winter visitor type of bird found in N subcontinent. It has Small and compact with short, pointed wings. It's flight is typically swift with rapid beants interspersed with short dashing glides, when wings often closed into body. Where male has blue-grey upperparts, broad black subterminal tail-band, weak moustanchial stripe and diffuse patch of rufous-orange on nape. As well as female has juvenile have weak moustachial stripe, brown upperparts with variable rufous/buff markings and strongly barred uppertail. It is found in open Country.

4. EURASIAN HOBBY

falco subbuteo 30-36 cm

It is mostly found in himalayas; widespread winter visitor; also found in Sri-Lanka. It is Slim, with long pointed wings and medium-length tail. Hunting flight swift and powerful, with stiff beats interspersed with short glides. Mainly adult has broad black moustachial stripe, cream underparts with bold blackish streaking, and rufous thighs and undertail-coverts. Juvenile has dark brown upperparts with buffish fringes, pale buffish underparts which are more heavily streaked, and lacks rufous thighs and undertail-coverts. It is found in Well-wooded areas; also open country in winter.

5.ORIENTAL HOBBY

falco severus 27-30 cm

It is found mainly Himalayas and NE India. Similar to Eurasian Hobby in stucture, flight action and appearance, although slightly stockier, with shorter tail. Adult has complete blackish hood, bluish-black upperparts, and unmarked rufous underparts and underwing-coverts. Junvenile has browner upperparts, and heavily streaked rufous-buff underparts. Open wodded hills.

FRIGATEBIRDS

1. GREAT FRIGATEBIRD

Fregata minor 85-105 cm

This type of birds visit in new places in another word we can say migrating bird. We can found this type of bird in Coasts of India, Sri-lanka and Maldives. In this type of bird adult male is only frigatebird which under part of body is all black. As well as in adult female has black cap and pink eye-ring and also found grey throat and black neck sides, lacks spur of white on underwing. Juvenile and immature have rufous or white head, blackish breast band and largely white underparts, which are gradually replaced by adult plumage; lack white spur on underwing (shown by all Lesser and some Christmas Island Frigatebirds); inseparable from some juvenile and immature Christmas Island, although any black on belly will indicate Great. Pelagic.

2.LESSER FRIGATEBIRD

Fregata ariel 70-80 cm

It is also one of the migrating bird which is also found in the coasis of India, Sri Lanka and Maldives; has bred. Smaller and more finely built than other two frigatebirds. Adult male entirely black except for white spur extending from breast sides onto inner underwing. Adult Female has black head and red eye ring; also black throat, white neck sides, white spur extending from white breast onto inner underwing, and black belly and vent. Juvenile and immature have rufous or white head, blackish breast-band and much white on underparts, which are gradually replaced by adult plumage; always show white spur on underwing (lacking on Great); any black on belly indicates Lesser rather than christmas Island. Pelagic